You can feel the buzz, 150 watts per square meter, 200 watts per square meter, more than 300 watts per square meter … Is it really? If so, what it means in terms of resources? If the server data centers, applications and communication systems at risk if even one of mechanical or electrical failure?
This is an aspect of data center operators can not avoid. Server even more closely, and the ability to power and cool large, dense systems implemented asinteresting challenges. With good planning, we can certainly overcome these challenges, but we also understand the real cost of higher watts per square meter property on both budgetary and risk management.
We see a data center of 10,000 square meters. The task is to provide space to build the infrastructure, a 100Watt, 150Watt understand, support and plants 200watt/sqft. To define the task, we assume the 10,000 square feet of space is large, without loss of space, common space,Columns or other obstructions. This discussion also no explanation on the spot to assist with emergency generators or cooling towers.
High-density data center cooling
Datacenter cooling is probably the biggest problem of all. While we may be able to add redundancy, cooling towers, it is very difficult to redundancy in air conditioning and ventilation. Physically, you can add a 1 in a data center cooling space, but the unitas of now a place for each environment CRAC sensitive. If there are 20 or 30ton CRAC units can move as needed, you need exposure.
With a double bottom, the load is reduced, since the intention is to floor with cold air to be blown up on the supply side of the devices print server. With a standby or backup CRAC unit will contribute to a total pressure floor. Plenum for the HVAC equipment for VCT (track) floor, it is very difficultsince almost all systems at high density with ventilation plenum chamber will custom designs, including custom channels that are connected to the units.
To the outside> 150 watts / have very little time to react if the device has failed, is sent as buyers of units of air not cold. Furthermore, no collection systems such as the stagnation of hot air in hot, warm air to support further repatriation.
This risk can be minimized by more aggressive preventionMaintenance plans and to take appropriate temporary refrigeration system at hand in case of breakdown or emergency.
Cooling occurs in the form of British thermal unit (BTU) is calculated – or the amount of heat, such as space heating, ventilation and can be removed, and air conditioning (HVAC). To calculate the amount of cooling, use the following formula:
1 Watt = 3.412 BTU
12,000 BTU = 1 ton of cooling capacity
If you have a group of high density serverCalculation of cooling, you can use the following guidelines:
Trial
1 server = 2000 watts
40 server = 80,000 watts
80,000 Watts * 3.412 = 272,960 (BTU)
272,960 BTU / 12,000 = 22.74 tons of cooling
Another example, if you have a cage of 100 square meters and get your cage were built for 175W/sqft after cooling requirements:
100 * 175 W = 17,500 m
17,500 w * 3.412 = 58,710 (BTU)
58,710 / 12,000 = ~ 5 tons of cooling
AreaRequirements for mechanical equipment
Greater density of data center space has a price, with the power and space for both mechanical (required HVAC) and power distribution. If we consider the space requirements for equipment for the ventilation unit 30ton Emerson by way of example, the support unit of the seat is about 94 square meters. The device itself is 30sqft of about 3 feet x 10 feet (). Add memory for access and maintenance (3 feet along the edges and 4 feet in front of the unitPolicy maintenance and access), bringing the total of 94
Then the mechanical side, for every 30 tons of cooling needs to contribute at least 94 square feet of cooling. If you have a redundancy 1 is required in your cooling system, there will be a 94sqft second for each unit in excess of expected losses.
Replace this with an example – only space for the HVAC systems for the support. There will be the adoption of water mains to support the condenser or cold water is to make loops, overhead orunder the raised floor.
10,000 square 200w/sqft
2000000 Watt cooling required
2,000,000 * 6,824,000 = 3.412 BTU
6,824,000 / 12,000 = 568 tons of cooling
568 / 30 (with 30ton CRAC units) = 19 units
19 * 94 (square feet per unit) = 1,786 square meters required for CRAC units
The price of electricity is summarized as:
30ton CRAC units w / 2 = 110amps compressor 480V for use peak
30ton CRAH Unit W/25 HP fan motor 480V = 23amps
600ton cooling tower at 50amps =480V
600ton coolers, if necessary, for the chilled water system = 1200 A at 480 V
Electrical systems and distribution
Our data center is also necessary to go to bring both the primary and emergency power systems for us up to 200 watts / outdoor. Datacenter Power Systems includes the following components:
– The switching devices needed to distribute the benefit primary companies provide electricity or either channel buss pipe and wire ", the distribution of couplingAdditional automatic transfer switches, power or utility or emergency backup power system to break the Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) to allow the battery of a temporary facility available to distribute in touch panels and equipment transformers 480V UPS ( U.S.) 480V distribute 208/120v- distribution to individual users switch 208/120v
A clue that require 480V Panels 42 "spacing on the high performance potential for Arc Flash potential and secureThe maintenance of the area.
To make room for the HVAC (CRAC or CRAH) devices, UPS systems, switchgear, transformers and automatic transfer of equipment you can get) the following dimensions (CRG Western experience to the Plan:
· 100w/sqft
– CRAH @ 94sqft or CRAC units (10 units required) = 940sqft
– Electrical equipment = 700sqft
– 10,000 square feet of data center requirement of M & E = 1640sqft
· 150w/sqft
– CRAH or CRAC units @ 94sqft (15Inquiry units) = 1410sqft
– Electrical equipment = 1000sqft
– 10,000 square feet of data center requirement of M & E = 2410sqft
· 200w/sqft
– CRAH @ 94sqft or CRAC units (20 units required) = 1880sqft
– Electrical equipment = 1400sqft
– 10,000 square feet of data center requirement of M & E = 3280sqft
Another option is to look at this component, if you think, than using total 10,000 mCountry. Then you raise a growing number of servers lose country watts / sq m of density in space. At this point you must decide whether the loss of usable data center space with high watts / sq foot is worth the higher density.
This calculation is only available to equipment center. Actual cooling towers, water coolers, emergency equipment and power generation (including diesel), when in space planningIt is necessary that the efficiency of space in each position of the data center to reduce by 40%. Each component has the redundancy increases the need for M & D institutions such as the obligation of watt density per square meter.
Of course you can increase efficiency by using more scientific and efficient design of data centers, including hot / cold range of design, thermal drapes, director of systems for heat removal and blankets left – but there is a point that the pure physics , because it can achieve thermalremoved, regardless of design. While there are now models include cold water in individual racks and racks of other cooling systems and extraction system design of heat, most companies can not afford the costs of building infrastructure in its construction.
The risk of failure
The burden of TAO temperature (F) is calculated as 1BTU = how much energy is needed to increase the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. So if youserved by a 30ton HVAC units that can, and fresh energy to extract 360,000 BTU, you lose the cooling capacity of heat dissipation in the event of failure.
It is fueling the debate on VCT twice the level ground. In a double pressure on land with cooling capacity, how many tons of cooling, the available data Space Center. The cold air is forced under the floor, pushing cold air through grilles or openings in the groundhope that the supply side of the server or data center equipment.
In the area there are channels in the clear VCT-in custom design, high cooling performance improved. Perhaps even worse, each rack cooling systems that can provide special cooling systems for each rack.
In an area of 10,000 square meters with double square meters, 200 watts / As mentioned earlier, it would be about 20 x 30ton cooling units available for heating and cooling of space. This is a total of about7.2 million BTU capacity for absorption of heat. If you lose one drive, you lose about 5% of the total land under the pressure and the ability to dissipate heat. Not good, and can still produce a couple of warm bodies to the data center, but in percentage terms, it is not catastrophic.
On the other hand, if you CRAC / CRAH shares in a VCT, with airflow, the loss of a unit that occurs on a much higher potential than 360,000 BTU of heat in a localized area. TheThe effect is like if you had the 1055 100-watt bulbs in a small room – the number of thermal power would be found in this great region, with limited use of different units of immediate corrective action temporary location in the field of CRAC units primary will be repaired and put back into service.
Should also point to design, CRAC / unit CRAH never a common source of supply. If a power source is interrupted,You do not want to lose 100% of cooling. In addition, the cooling systems must always be connected to the power plant emergency, as it will be very little good in a high-density data center up to the job without the support they have cooled.
Abstract
E 'technically possible to resolve only to collect all the challenges of data center projects, including servers and other heavy equipment continues, the amount of energy to drive even higher levels. However, it is highDensity has its price. One price, because the property requires a high density, redundant power system to support the cooling requirements of high density and possible additional costs of monitoring areas raised floor center.
Even if you are a computer center to accommodate a high density, which is designed so there is a strong risk that failure will result in a portion of cooling systems in potentially unacceptable amounts of rapid heating in local areas – which ultimatelyCause a catastrophic failure of computer systems and communications.